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During which stages of the cell cycle does a chromosome consist of two identical chromatids?

Short Answer

Expert verified

Duplication of chromosomes is an important event of the cell cycle; This leads to the formation of one more copy of the chromosomes. In the S phase of the cell cycle, the chromosome bear two exact same chromatids.

This remains till the end of the metaphase of the cell cycle. In metaphase, the duplicated chromatids are placed in the mid of the cell-cell interaction at the equatorial plate, and these get separated in anaphase.

Step by step solution

01

Cell cycle

The cell cycle is formed of two vital events; these are the Interphase and the M phase. The Interphase is a very long phase, and the M phase is a short phase.

The different parts of the cell cycle are the G1 phase, S phase, G2 phase, M phase, and G0 phase. Amino acids, ATP synthesis, and the synthesis of enzymes are observed in the G1 phase of the cell cycle.

02

S phase of cell cycle

The S phase is otherwise called the synthesis phase. DNA content in this phase becomes twice, but the number of chromosomes does not increase. In this phase, the duplication of centrioles also occurs, and synthesis of histone also takes place.

03

M phase of cell cycle

The M phases are divided into two phases, karyokinesis and cytokinesis. The cell division occurs by two methods that are meiosis and mitosis. Mitotic division occurs in somatic cells that produce the same daughter cells with the same amount of DNA as that of the parental cell.

Prophase is the initial phase, next is the metaphase phase, anaphase is the third phase, and the last one is telophase. From the S phase to the metaphase, chromatids remain in duplicate form.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

The histogram representing the treated sample shows the effect of growing the cancer cells alongside human umbilical cord stem cells that produce the potential inhibitor. (a) Label the histogram with the cell cycle phases. Which phase of the cell cycle has the greatest number of cells in the treated sample? Explain. (b) Compare the distribution of cells among G1, S, and G2 phases in the control and treated samples. What does this tell you about the cells in the treated sample? (c) Based on what you learned in Concept 12.3, propose a mechanism by which the stem cell-derived inhibitor might arrest the cancer cell cycle at this stage. (More than one answer is possible.)

How does MPF allow a cell to pass the G2phase checkpoint and enter mitosis?(See Figure 12.16)

A kinetochore has been compared to a coupling device that connects a motor to the cargo that it moves. Explain.

Through a microscope, you can see a cell plate beginning to develop across the middle of a cell and nuclei forming on either side of the cell plate. This cell is most likely.

(a) an animal cell in the process of cytokinesis.

(b) a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.

(c) a bacterial cell dividing

(d) a plant cell in metaphase

The result of mitosis is that the daughter cells end up with the same number of chromosomes that the parent cell had. Another potential way to maintain the number of chromosomes would be to carry out cell division first and then duplicate the chromosomes in each daughter cell. Assess whether this would be an equally good way of organizing the cell cycle. Explain why evolution had not led to this alternative.

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