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A plant biologist observed a peculiar pattern when a tropical shrub was attacked by caterpillars. After a caterpillar ate a leaf, it would skip over nearby leaves and attack a leaf some distance away. Simply removing a leaf did not deter caterpillars from eating nearby leaves. The biologist suspected that an insect-damaged leaf sent out a chemical that signaled nearby leaves. How could the researcher test this hypothesis?

What are the morphological differences between dark and light-grown plants? Explain how etiolation helps a seedling compete successfully.

Describe how our knowledge about the control systems of plants is being applied to agriculture or horticulture.

Cycloheximide is a drug that inhibits protein synthesis. Predict what effect cycloheximide would have on de-etiolation.

In a short essay (100–150 words), summarize phytochrome’s role in altering shoot growth for the enhancement of light capture.

The sexual dysfunction drug Viagra inhibits an enzyme that breaks down cyclic GMP. If tomato leaf cells have a similar enzyme, would applying Viagra to these cells cause a normal de-etiolation of aurea mutant tomato leaves?

This mule deer are grazing on the shoot tips of a shrub. Describe how this event will alter the physiology, biochemistry, structure, and health of the plant, and identify which hormones and other chemicals are involved in making these changes.

The hormone that helps plants respond to drought is

(A) auxin.

(B) abscisic acid.

(C) cytokinin.

(D) ethylene.

Fusicoccin is a fungal toxin that stimulates the plasma membrane H+ pumps of plant cells. How may it affect the growth of isolated stem sections?

If a plant has the double mutation ctr and ein, what is its triple-response phenotype? Explain your answer.