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Standard addition. Selenium from 0.108 g of Brazil nuts was converted into the fluorescent product in Reaction 18-15, and extracted into 10.0 mL of cyclohexane. Then 2.00 mL of the cyclohexane solution were placed in a cuvet for fluorescence measurement. Standard additions of fluorescent product containingSe/mL are given in the table. Construct a standard addition graph to find the concentration of Se in the 2.00-mL unknown solution. Find the wt%of Se in the nuts and its uncertainty and 95% confidence interval

Short Answer

Expert verified

The interval is3.56±0.068⋅10−4%3.56±0.22⋅10−4%

Step by step solution

01

Find equation of intensity:

Is+X→fluorescence intensity from the unknown + standard addition V→total volume of (unknown + standard)V0→ fluorescence intensity from unknown initial concentration of Unknown initial concentration of standard VS→volume of standard.

Is+xVV0=Ix+Ix[X]iâ‹…[S]iâ‹…VsV0

02

Spreadsheet:

03

Graph

The graphIS+xVV0

Versus is,[S]iVsV0

The x-intercept is the concentration of Se. We calculate x-intercept by dividing b / a. So, the concentration of Se is0.03842μ²µ/mL

04

Calculate :

w(Se)=m(Se)m(nuts)Where Mass of Se is,m(Se)=V⋅γ(Se)m(Se)=10mL⋅0.03842μg/mLm(Se)=0.3842μgw(Se)=0.3842⋅10−6g0.108gw(Se)=3.56⋅10−4%

05

Spreadsheet:

06

Calculate the interval:

The standard deviation of x-intercept is calculated by formula:

sy|a|⋅1n+y¯2a2⋅Σxi−x¯2

n is a number of data, y is a average of y,xiare individual values of x, and is average of x.

∑xi−X¯2

The relative uncertainty in the intercept is:

0.0007320.03842=1.91%

Uncertainty of :

0.0192⋅3.56⋅10−4%=6.84⋅10−6%3.56(±0.068)⋅10−4%

95% confidence interval is calculated:

±t. standard deviation

t is a Student's t. We read value from Table 4-4. The degrees of freedom are:

n - 2 = 5 - 2 =3

For 95% confidence level and 3 degrees of freedom, the value is 3.182.

3.182⋅0.068⋅10−4%=0.22⋅10−4%3.56(±0.22)⋅10−4%

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Most popular questions from this chapter

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