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Magazine Chapter 3: 43P (page 190)
There are eight different five-carbon alkyl groups.
(a) Draw them
(b) Give them systematic names.
(c) In each case, label the degree of substitution (primary, secondary, or tertiary) of the head carbon atom bonded to the main chain.
Short Answer
Step by step solution
Alkanes
Alkanes are hydrocarbons containing only single bonds. The general formula for an alkane is CnH2n+2, where n = the number of carbon atoms.
Alkyl groups
The alkyl groups are named by replacing the suffix (-ane) of the alkane name with -yl.
Rules for naming alkanes
In order for an alkane to be named, following rules must be followed.
(a) The longest continuous chain of carbon atoms is identified, which gives the base name.
(b) Starting with the end nearest a branch, the longest carbon chain is numbered.
(c) Substituents present on the longest chain, such as alkyl groups, are named, and each substituent is located by the number of the main chain carbon atom to which it is attached.
(d) Listing can be done in alphabetical order if two or more substituents are present. Prefixes like di-, tri-, tetra-, etc., are used if there are two or more of the same alkyl substituents.
Drawing, naming, and labeling the degree of substitution in eight different five-carbon alkyl groups
Eight different five-carbon alkyl groups are pentyl, terc-pentyl, neopentyl, isopentyl, sec-pentyl, 3-pentyl, sec-isopentyl, and active pentyl.
Labelling the degree of substitution in eight different five-carbon alkyl groups
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