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What 1° amine and carbonyl compound are needed to prepare each imine?

a.

b.

What carbonyl compound and amine are formed by the hydrolysis of each compound?

a.

b.

c.

Identify the acetal in oleandrin, and draw the products formed by acid-catalysed hydrolysis of the acetal.

What lactol (cyclic hemiacetal) is formed from intramolecular cyclization of each hydroxy aldehyde?

a.

b.

a. How many stereogenic centers are present in -D-galactose?

b. Label the hemiacetal carbon in -D-galactose.

c. Draw the structure of -D-galactose.

d. Draw the structure of the polyhydroxy aldehyde that cyclizes to - and

-D-galactose.

e. From what you learned in Section 21.16B, what product (s) is (are) formed

when -D-galactose is treated with CH₃OH and an acid catalyst?

Give the IUPAC name for each compound.

a.

b.

c.

d.

e.

f.

Give the structure corresponding to each name.

a. 2-methyl-3-phenylbutanal

b. 3,3-dimethylcyclohexanecarbaldehyde

c. 3-benzoylcyclopentanone

d. 2-formylcyclopentanone

e. (R)-3-methylheptan-2-one

f. m-acetylbenzaldehyde

g. 2-sec-butylcyclopent-3-enone

h. 5,6-dimethylcyclohex-1-enecarbaldehyde

Draw the products formed in each reaction sequence.

a.

b.

What carbonyl compound and alcohol are formed by hydrolysis of each acetal?

a.

b.

c.

Hydroxy aldehydes A and B readily cyclize to form hemiacetals. Draw the stereoisomersformed in this reaction from both A and B. Explain why this process gives an opticallyinactive product mixture from A, and an optically active product mixture from B.